How to Decrease The Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

You’re in the middle of encoding a document when suddenly you feel a certain numbness and pricking sensation in your wrist. You take a break, but the pain radiates to your fingers and up your entire arm. This condition is one of the common issues affecting workers’ health and overall work performance. In addition to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, other musculoskeletal disorders can hinder productivity and efficiency at work. That’s why it's essential to recognize and eliminate the risk factors that lead to these work-related conditions.

What Are Musculoskeletal Disorders?

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries that affect the body’s musculoskeletal system, including the blood vessels, nerves, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and discs.

These conditions are also known as repetitive stress injuries, overuse injuries, or repetitive motion injuries. The key elements are “repetition” and “stress.”

According to Healthline.com, MSDs are common, particularly among office workers, and the risk increases with age.

“The severity of MSDs can vary. In some cases, they cause pain and discomfort that interferes with everyday activities. Early diagnosis and treatment may help ease symptoms and improve long-term outlook,” Healthline states.

Common symptoms of MSDs include stiff joints, recurrent pain, dull aches, and swelling. These can interfere with routine tasks like typing, sitting, or walking. You may also experience limited range of motion or difficulty completing daily tasks.

Common Types of Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Muscle and Tendon Strain

• Tension Neck Syndrome

• Digital Neuritis

• Tendonitis

• Epicondylitis

• Radial Tunnel Syndrome

• Herniated or Ruptured Disc

• Ligament Sprain

• Rotator Cuff Tendonitis

• Degenerative Disc Disease

• Thoracic Outlet Compression

• DeQuervain’s Syndrome

• Trigger Thumb or Finger

• Mechanical Back Syndrome

Typical symptoms include muscle weakness, swelling, redness, pain, and muscle atrophy.

Healthline.com also notes that treatment depends on symptom severity:

“To address occasional pain, they may suggest moderate exercise and over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. For more severe symptoms, they may prescribe medications to reduce inflammation and pain. In some cases, they may recommend physical therapy, occupational therapy, or both.”

While aging naturally affects joints, bones, and muscles, MSDs are not inevitable. You can take several steps to reduce your risk.

Common Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

MSDs often develop when the body’s systems are overworked due to repetitive actions. Risk factors fall into two main categories: individual-related and work-related (ergonomic).

Individual risk factors include poor health habits, lack of rest, poor nutrition, and inefficient work practices.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, getting enough sleep, and eating nutritious food are essential steps to minimizing risk.

Work-related risks are especially common in jobs requiring repetitive physical tasks.

The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) states:

“Certain workplace conditions, for example, the layout of the workstation, the speed of work (especially in conveyor-driven jobs), and the weight of the objects being handled influence these factors. In other situations, the psychosocial factors at the workplace may contribute to WMSDs. It is recommended that both physical and psychosocial factors be addressed.”

Work-related MSD risk factors include:

• Forceful movements

• High work pace

• Repetitive motions

• Awkward body postures

• Prolonged standing or sitting

• Cold environments

• Vibration

• Lack of job control

• Poor communication

• Minimal supervisor support

Body movements like bending, reaching, typing, or arm rotation can increase your risk of developing MSDs.

According to CCOHS:

“Anybody’s position can cause discomfort and fatigue if it is maintained for long periods. For example, standing is a natural body posture and by itself poses no particular health hazards. However, working for long periods in a standing position can cause sore feet, general muscular fatigue, and low back pain.”

Frequent, repetitive tasks performed daily can also worsen the problem:

“Repetitive movements are especially hazardous when they involve the same joints and muscle groups over and over... Tasks requiring repetitive movements always involve other risk factors for WMSD such as fixed body position and force.”

Tips to Reduce the Risk of Work-Related MSDs

Performing your job with wrist pain or muscle fatigue is frustrating and counterproductive. Use the tips below to reduce risk and improve comfort:

1. Implement proper workplace ergonomics
   Organize tools, equipment, and accessories to reduce strain. A good ergonomic setup reduces awkward posture and repetitive motions.

2. Use standing desks and ergonomic accessories
   Adjustable desks help promote better posture and reduce the risks of prolonged sitting. Pair them with an ergonomic chair and mouse for maximum comfort and support.

3. Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise
   A strong body resists strain better and heals faster when injuries occur.

4. Practice good posture consistently
   Be mindful of your posture whether you're sitting, standing, or moving.

5. Modify repetitive tasks
   Take short breaks every hour or so to stretch, walk, or change positions.

6. Employers should offer training on ergonomics
   Educating workers about safe practices creates a healthier workplace culture.

7. Use proper body mechanics
   Bend at the knees when lifting, and avoid twisting while reaching.

8. Alternate tasks throughout the day
   Break up long stretches of repetitive work with different activities.

9. Practice time management and organization
   Planning tasks efficiently can reduce stress and physical strain.

10. Consult a healthcare provider when symptoms arise
    Early intervention prevents more serious issues from developing.

Musculoskeletal disorders can seriously affect productivity and quality of life, but they’re also highly preventable. By taking proactive steps—both as individuals and as organizations—we can build healthier, safer workplaces. Simple changes in posture, movement, and equipment can make a big difference. Prioritize ergonomics today to ensure your team remains comfortable, capable, and focused tomorrow.